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妙招擊破考研英語閱讀詞匯
詞匯(英語:vocabulary),是一種語言或方言中詞和固定語的總匯。下面是小編為大家收集的妙招擊破考研英語閱讀詞匯,僅供參考,大家一起來看看吧。
考研閱讀文章詞義巧破解
詞匯的理解對考研閱讀的意義不言而喻。但個別詞不認(rèn)識并不妨礙理解,有時遇到生詞還要學(xué)會跳過去。除了其他破解詞義的方法外,根據(jù)上下文的線索尋找等價或反義結(jié)構(gòu)是一個很有效的方法。所謂等價結(jié)構(gòu),就是意義相同的結(jié)構(gòu)。而反義結(jié)構(gòu)就是意義相反的結(jié)構(gòu)。對文章中的一個部分不理解時,可以根據(jù)這一部分的上下文判斷意義。上下文有時和不理解的部分構(gòu)成同義關(guān)系,不理解部分的意義就是上下文的意義。反之,上下文有時和不理解部分構(gòu)成反義關(guān)系,那么,不理解部分的意義就是上下文意義的反面。等價結(jié)構(gòu)包含多種,本文主要介紹并列結(jié)構(gòu)。一般而言,并列結(jié)構(gòu)常表示并列的兩部分意義相同。本文討論的反義結(jié)構(gòu)主要是包含連詞如but, while等的結(jié)構(gòu),它們常表示兩部分意義相反。下面以2005年考研閱讀的文章為例說明如何根據(jù)等價結(jié)構(gòu)或反義結(jié)構(gòu)把握句子意義。
一、等價結(jié)構(gòu)
Text 1(2005)
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu)一:fat 呼應(yīng)bigger
等價結(jié)構(gòu)二:outraged=grievance(兩句之間是遞進結(jié)構(gòu))。
等價結(jié)構(gòu)三:“all too human”=other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(逗號之后為解釋)
And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu):resentment=Indeed之前句子所表達的意思,因為Indeed表示遞進。
Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu):preserve= alone(由not…alone結(jié)構(gòu)可知)。
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu):stems from=evolved(or連接并列結(jié)構(gòu))。
Text 3(2005)
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu):harnessed=brought under conscious control(not only…but連接遞進結(jié)構(gòu))。
Text 4(2005)
Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu):no more regrettable=natural (and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu))
Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu):genre=form(表語結(jié)構(gòu)提示意義相同;實際上,genre與form之間是種屬關(guān)系,genre是一種form)
he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful
[分析] 等價結(jié)構(gòu):grieving=loss of something beautiful(對美麗事物的消失,一般應(yīng)該感到惋惜,由此可知grieving的意思就是“惋惜”)。
二、反義結(jié)構(gòu)
Text 1(2005)
when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers
[分析] 反義結(jié)構(gòu):separate 與adjoining意思相反(二者由but連接)
Text 4(2005)
While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s
[分析] 反義結(jié)構(gòu):elevated 與modestly意思相反(句首的while even提示相反意義)。
In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
[分析] 反義結(jié)構(gòu):spontaneity 與craft意思相反(over連接兩個相對或相反的方面)。
攻克考研英語閱讀詞匯的方法
單詞
1、黑詞--兩眼一抹黑的單詞
例如jargon,tedious,rear,plausible, deteriorate, isotope等。它們是閱讀理解中的一大障礙,是考生們必須攻克的難關(guān)。考生們可以在詞匯書上標(biāo)注出此類詞語,繼而進行專門記憶,達到消滅黑詞的效果。
2、白詞--完全明白的單詞
考研詞匯中,有大量考生們熟知的白詞,例如:space,culture,able,benefit,topic,此類單詞可一帶而過。
3、灰詞--一知半解的單詞
除去黑詞和白詞,剩下的我們統(tǒng)一歸類為灰詞。
灰詞分為兩種,一種是似會不會的灰詞,如:tutor,treaty, saddle,sample, fuss等;一種是覺得會但其實并不全會的灰詞,如:spring、account、affect等。spring除了常知的春天的意思之外,還有泉水、彈簧的含義;account除了帳戶,還作原因;理由;解釋;說明;報告;占……解。affect除了愛,深情之外,還有做作……之義。背誦單詞時,一定要多看詞匯書中所給的例句,牢記其意義。
長難句
除單詞外,長難句也是考驗閱讀的攔路虎。攻克長難句猶如撒網(wǎng)捕魚,收網(wǎng)時應(yīng)收緊網(wǎng)繩(綱),不要去亂抓網(wǎng)眼(目),做到綱舉目張,即先找句子的骨架(主+謂+賓),再解決修飾成份(定、狀等)。
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
分析:
第一,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
。1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(Lord Irvine含同位語the Lord Chancellor)+將來時謂語(will introduce)+賓語(a draft bill);
。2)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾draft bill,其中,will propose 是第一個謂語,making payments to witnesses illegal是一個動名詞短語做賓語,在動名詞短語內(nèi)部,payments to witnesses做making的賓語,illegal是賓補;第二個謂語是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的賓語。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一個時間狀語從句(before a trial begins)的定語從句,修飾publicity。
第二、劃出定語從句和狀語從句:
that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.
第三、劃出介詞短語:
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press.
大家切記,英語的句子中,主+謂+賓基本與中文一致,是按順序擺放的,而定、狀語經(jīng)常倒著放,又長又多,比主、謂、賓要難很多。定、狀語放好了,句子才能看明白,想看懂閱讀理解中的長難句,語法基本功一定要扎實。
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